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GEOGRAPHY – 3º ESO

THE ECONOMIC SECTORS

Introduction

The modern economy can be divided into THREE SECTORS that reflect the economic development of that society. This lesson will discuss and explore the interaction between the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the modern economy.

Our nation's economy, like most modern world economies, has developed from one built on the extraction of raw materials for consumption and sale to one that is now more dependent on revenue from services. This economic shift is important to understand from a sociological standpoint because it impacts the proportion of the population engaged in various activities that support the economy.

In this lesson, we will explore economic change by discussing the three types of sectors of an economy: _________,  ________ and __________. These sectors can be viewed as a continuum, starting with the primary sector, which is the part of the economy generated by extracting __________ materials directly from the Earth for ________________or sale; moving next into the _____________ sector, which is the part of the economy that __________________ the raw materials into goods for sale or ____________; and finally the tertiary sector, which is the part of the economy that involves the sale or trade of _______________ instead of ________________.

Primary Sector

The primary sector involves the extraction of raw materials from the Earth. This extraction results in raw materials and basic foods, such as ___________, wood, iron and corn. The types of workers in this sector include ____________, coal miners and _________________. In the U.S. and similarly in most other modern world countries, there is a _______________ in the proportion of the population that works in the primary sector. Currently, only ______ of our nation's labor force is engaged in primary sector activity. This is a big change from the mid-19th century in which two-thirds of the labor force was engaged in this sector.

Secondary Sector

The secondary sector involves the transformation of raw materials into _______. This transformation results in wood being made into ____________, steel being made into cars or textiles being made into _____________, as examples. The types of workers in this sector include a ____________, factory worker or __________.

The development into this sector can be attributed to demand for more goods and food, which leads to _____________. Only so much can be done in the primary sector before there is a natural limit on how much can be extracted. When an economy moves into the second sector, new farm techniques are used, and industrialization changed how goods can be transformed, distributed and sold. Currently, 20% of the U.S. labor force is involved in the secondary sector.

Tertiary Sector

The tertiary sector involves the supplying of services to consumers and businesses. This sector provides services to the general population and business, including retail, sales, transportation and restaurants. The types of workers in this sector include restaurant bartenders, accountants and pilots. The service industry makes up 80% of the labor force today.